Sunday, August 4, 2013

My Final Reflection

Ahh wow! What a whirlwind of a month this has been. Sitting on my flight back to the United States, I am reflecting upon all of the experiences that I have had during my time in Brazil and how much I have learned and developed. Brazil truly is a fascinating country and it was very interesting to experience a thriving, urban, Latin American culture. My past travels around the world have allowed me to experience many different cultures and landscapes, but nothing has compared to what I found in Brazil. The sprawling city of Sao Paulo offers endless opportunities and definitely showcases the root of the success of Brazil. As the subsecretary of renewable energy of Sao Paulo, Dr. Milton Flavio Lautenschlager said, “Sao Paulo is the locomotive that pulls the country of Brazil forward.” It is the industrial and business capital of the country, as well as the seventh largest city in the world.


I could talk about all of the different things that I found interesting in Sao Paulo forever, but here are my three favorite or most profound (in no specific order).

1. Graffiti & Street Art
  • This is noticeable as soon as you enter the city. If I had to put a number on it, I would say that at least 80% of all surfaces in Sao Paulo have some type of graffiti or art covering them. Furthermore, the vast majority of this graffiti is absolutely beautiful artwork. I have never appreciated graffiti previously, knowing that it is vandalism and usually quite rude or gang-related, but I was absolutely stunned by the beauty and stories that some of the street art conveyed. From a little “SP Vive!” on the sidewalk to a gigantic mural of a colorful tree to the recurring smiling sun symbol, all of the street art was absolutely spectacular.







2. Subway System & Corrals
  • Being a Bostonian, I appreciate any type of functional public transportation system. Every time I am in New York City, it is such a treat to only have to wait 5 minutes in between trains and be able to find properly marked bus stops. Although the citizens of Brazil have many complaints about the public transportation system, I thought that it was extremely efficient and well planned. The trains come so regularly that you never see people sprinting to get on the train because they can just wait for the next one! My other favorite parts of the subway are the metal banisters that are like people corrals. They gather the people getting onto the train and point the people getting off the train off the to sides. It is such a simple solution that helps the train stops be much more efficient. The whole system is designed to handle high volumes of people during rush hour. All of the turnstiles can be turned back and forth depending on the time of day, as well as the amount of escalators running in particular directions. The yellow line doesn’t even have drivers; it is completed automated.

http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7042/6957247161_c95eca513d_z.jpg
3. Sidewalks & Tactile Warning Strips

  • This is my little civil-engineering-coop excitement part. You know those bumpy things that are at the bottom of sidewalk ramps in Boston or other cities? Those are called detectable tactile warning strips and they are for blind people to feel where the sidewalk goes down and meets with the street at crosswalks. These are very common in Boston and in the subways. In Sao Paulo, these warning strips are ALL OVER the sidewalks! They have ones with long rectangular bumps that create paths down sidewalks and through public areas. This type of tile then meets with the normal circular bump type to signal that there is an intersection, turn or point of interest! Most people do not notice these small things or know what they are for, but I found them truly fascinating. I was not able to see someone outwardly using them for help, but I’m sure they are extremely helpful for the disabled in Sao Paulo.

    Also, in the areas where these tiles don't exist, beware because the sidewalks may try to kill you. Or just do something like this: 


Alright, moving on from the random physical things that I found interesting about Brazil and onto the cultural lessons I learned. From football to body language to music, Brazilians are very sensory people. They touch each other upon first introductions. They clap, sing, dance, chant and make music for just about every occasion. And I can’t forget about football (soccer); it is a religion for them. Here are a couple of culture experiences that I would like to share:

1. Capoeira & Samba Class
  • During the trip, we had two different Brazilian dance classes: Samba and Capoeira. Samba is a traditional ballroom dance that is popular in Brazil. The instructor started the class with the basic steps to a very basic samba beat and slowly mixed in arm movements and how to move around the dance floor. The majority of the class had a very difficult time using their hips because back in the US, we never learn how to actually move. Capoeira is a very specific dance style that combines mixed martial arts into a flowing, no contact fight dance. Watching the instructors “play” with each other is extremely enjoyable. One must be very in tune with their body, as well as what your partner’s rhythm. The key component of the fight is eye contact because one must always know where their partner is and how they are responding to your moves. It takes a lot of training and time to get the hang of this dance style; it requires extreme body control and strength. Our capoeira class was amusing, to say the least. For a 2-hour class, we learned several very basic moves and got to apply them in basic fights at the end of the class. Capoeira also has a very specific music style that includes the pandeiro (tambourine), berimbau (weird coconut-string instrument: see pictures), rico-rico (slotted wooden tube) and drums.



Samba Bar Night!
2. Music
  • Continuing on the subject of music, Brazilians are very musical and include music into many of their traditions. Many of the locals that I met play some sort of instrument, especially guitar. Locals are known to just hangout and improvise music with guitars, drums, pandeiros or anything that they can make noise with. During our Brazilian culture class with Teacher Gus, we learned the art of the improvised music hangout. Each student received a box of matches that we could shake to make noise with and we went along to the beat of a samba song that he played. We also got to take try a hand at the pandeiro, which is a lot more difficult than it looks! We also learned about the different popular music types in Brazil, including bosonova, samba and country music.

3. FOOTBALL

  • As I said earlier, football is a religion to Brazilians, as it is to many people across the world. Sundays have historically been a day of rest, family time and church. It still is this way in Brazil, but the afternoon is spent watching football. Many businesses do not open on Sundays or have very limited hours due to this. We spent one of our Sunday nights in Paraty and got to experience the love of football first-hand. As I was walking through the village square, one of the open-air bars starts booming with cheers and celebrations. I knew automatically that either a goal was scored or the home team won. As I was walking over to check out the celebrations, the bar owner stepped out onto the street and proceeded to light off several loud fireworks directly out of his hand. Turns out it was just because the home team scored.

    I also got to experience the true football spirit at a Sao Paulo Football Club game. The fans literally chant and sing through the entire game. Every goal is either the seemingly happiest moment of their lives or the most tragic of events ever. Many fans even have tattoos of their team of choice. At the particular game that I was at, there were police officers spread across the stands and standing with shields in between the opposing teams fan sections to ensure that no physical contact would break out in the stands. At a different stadium in Sao Paulo, there is an entire museum for the sport built underneath the stands. I was able to visit this museum during my trip, which was a very interesting experience. The museum is very sensory in the fact that there are many visual and auditory exhibits, as well as hands-on...or feet-on parts of the museum. Aside from many movies and short clips, there are foosball tables and virtual soccer games all over.



These experiences are just a few of the hundreds of cultural and educational lessons that I learned during my time in Brazil. I hope that you all enjoyed my accounts of my adventures and the Gypsy Child will probably be back to account her future adventures, so stay tuned!

Friday, July 26, 2013

Conquering Garbage Mountain: AKA The Sao Joao Landfill

This week, we visited the Sao Joao landfill in the state of Sao Paulo. This landfill has multiple sites that are operated by different companies and each is in a different phase of construction. The southeast section of the landfill is newer, run by EcoUrbis and is still accepting trash deposits. It is also not collecting methane to create energy, but merely burning it so that it is not releasing it into the environment.
 EcoUrbis Landfill Methane Burning Site (right) & Testing Methane Well (left)

Crane working on depositing new trash
The actual Sao Joao landfill is run by Biogas and is older and filled to capacity. This section of the landfill is purely a methane collection site that turns the methane into power. This plant collects methane from the multiple levels of the landfill and burns it to create electricity to put into the grid. It has not currently generated the amount of money it cost to implement the system along with running/maintenance costs. This type of energy generation is very environmentally friendly and the fuel it uses is endless (because humans will always be creating waste), but it has high capital costs for a low amount of power in return. The way that Biogas has been making money is by selling its carbon credits for the site to other companies. These high costs with little to no return is the reason why the other portion of the landfill is not currently creating energy with the released methane. This is also the reason why this technology is not that widely spread in other areas of the country and the world. 

There are several other reasons why this technology is not used in the US very much. Brazil is known for its rich trash. The majority of what Brazilians throw away is organic material that can biodegrade and release methane. The US, on the other hand, throws away a very large amount of plastic, styrofoam and other packaging materials that cannot breakdown in the same manner, thus not releasing as much methane, which would create less power. Furthermore, this type of energy is not reliable. Every day the makeup of the gases released is different, so the amount of methane that is able to be burned fluctuates.

Like we have learned throughout our studies thus far, no matter how brilliant a renewable energy technology is, if it is not economically beneficial to someone, it is not going to work in the long run. Human nature and modern society is completely centered around making money and profits, thus we will continue our nonrenewable habits until there is some economic incentive to using renewable solutions.
Methane Burning Machine
Control Panel for Entire Power Generation System
Leachate Collection Lagoon
They recycle at the dump!


 Also, it was really cold, miserable and early the day we visited the plant. No one was very happy about it....


Boss Status: Milton Flavio Marques Lautenschlager



Dr. Milton Lautenschlager is the Sub-Secretary of Renewable Energy for the state of Sao Paulo. He has been in office since last fall and works with the Secretary of Energy, Jose Anibal, on the state's policies and actions for renewable energy. He presented the different facets that the state is focusing on and their previous successes and history.

Just as a quick statistic, in 2010:
  • The world used 12.5% renewable energy.
  • Brazil used 45.5% renewable energy.
  • Sao Paulo used 55.5% renewable energy.
This statistic shows that Sao Paulo is at the forefront of the country's renewable energy production. The state is also the most successful of the country. "Sao Paulo is the locomotive that pulls Brasil forward," said Lautenschlager who was quoting a common proverb of the state. More than 55% of the country's wealth is located in Sao Paulo.

The Paulista Energy Plan is the main focus of the undersecretary at the moment. The basic idea of this plan is to raise the percentage of renewable energy used to 69% and reduce carbon emissions by 20%. These changes will mainly come from increased biofuels, wind, and solar. Hydroelectric power is so widely used in the state already that it is basically at its maximum capacity. Hydropower is also the largest source of renewable energy for the state, currently.

Developing biofuel technologies and infrastructure is one of the main components on the Paulista Energy Plan. Sao Paulo currently produces 18% of the world's sugar cane, which is half used for human consumption as food and the other half goes to fuel production. Ethanol is the main product made from sugar cane, but Lautenschlager and the state are looking to ramp up the production of bioelectricity and other fuels through the use of the waste products from ethanol, such as bagasse. They are also looking into developing the biodiesel sector. It is currently not very efficient and difficult to produce. Due to the fact that the public transportation systems are also slowly being switched over the flex fuel and ethanol hybrids, biodiesel is going to be in much higher demand.

As far as wind and solar power are concerned, there is no current infrastructure contributing to energy production in the state at the moment. The state has a great potential for both solar and wind production. Solar is due to its proximity to the equator. Wind, on the other hand, is a bit more complicated, but the state made it easy for society to gather this information by releasing the wind atlas that highlights the areas with the highest potentials for wind power generation.

As far as nonrenewable energy sources go, Brazil and the state of Sao Paulo have very large natural gas sectors. The large majority of this gas is from the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline. Lautenschlager was a point to highlight the fact that the state did not make the mistake that the US made in allowing fracking to disrupt the environment and its habitants. He said that the US set the example of what not to do considering fracking.

Monday, July 22, 2013

Discovery: Novas Frutas No Mercadao!

Oi!
          Tudo Bem?
                    Tudo Bem!
                              Eu possible provar?
                                        Obrigada! Muito bom!


Today, I adventured around the Municipal Market of São Paulo or better known as, Mercadao. I learned about all of these new and exotic fruits and even got to sample a couple! The market is a huge building with aisles upon aisles of little stands with everything from exotic fruits to giant slabs of meat to candies and nuts to every kind of cachaca you can imagine! It is a foodie heaven.

Si Si Vinho!
 View from the Mezzanine

Beautiful Stained Glass Windows
The Fishies.
Mountains of fruit

Lots O'Laranja

And now Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to my ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIZARRE FRUITS!
(Please Note: Wikipedia is a plethora of free knowledge that will help you learn about this delicious fruits. Use it, don't abuse it.)










Portugese Name: Caju
Native to Northeastern Brazil

















Portugese Name: Pitaia
Native to South America


(Note: This particular batch was imported from Columbia.)
















Portugese Name: Rambutan Lichia
Native to Indonesia and Malaysia


















Portugese Name: Maracujá
Native to Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay


















Portugese Name: Granadilha
Native to Bolivia, Venezuela and Columbia


(Fun Fact: This is in the same genus as the passion fruit!)















Portugese Name: Ameixa Sun Gold
Native to China



















Portugese Name: Physalis
Native to North and South America
















Portugese Name: Noni
Native range from Southeast Asia to Australia



















Portugese Name: Mangosteen
Native to Indonesia



















PORTUGESE NAME! ABACAXI!
NATIVE TO BRAZIL!!!



O.M.G. ITS SO CUTE.









Here are some other cool foods I found:
Mortadella com queijo & Suco de Limonda Expresso
Tamarindo Delicia

Brazil Nuts!